For the source text click/tap here: Sanhedrin 76
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These are the ones who are killed by the sword: a murderer and the people of a subverted city. If a murderer hit his friend with a stone or metal object or held him down in water or fire - if the victim dies, the perpetrator is a murderer. If he pushed him into water or fire and the victim could have risen and did not, he is not a murderer. If he commanded a dog or snake to attack him, he is exempt. If he physically caused a snake to bite someone and kill him, Rabbi Yehudah says that he is liable, while the Chachamim say that he is exempt (from being killed).
We explore further the definition of killing legal murder and self defense.