For the source text click/tap here: Bava Kamma 48
To download, click/tap here: PDF
If someone brings his Shor into the courtyard of his friend without permission and it was gored by the Shor of the Ba'al ha'Bayis he is Patur. If his Shor gores the Shor of the Ba'al ha'Bayis if it is a Tam, he pays Chatzi Nezek and if it is a Mu'ad he pays Nezek Shalem which is the Din of a Shor that gores in the Reshus ha'Rabim. If the Shor falls into a Bor and ruins the water if the water was ruined immediately when the Shor fell in, he is Chayav, but if it was ruined after a while, he is Patur because the Shor is considered a Bor and the water is the same as utensils and a Bor is Patur for utensils. If he brought in his Shor with permission, he is Patur.
Our daf also quotes Rava (some say it was Rav Pappa) as ruling that in cases where two people interact and both end up injured, the liability of each one will depend on what happens.
This leads us to explore the world of personal injury as applied to motor vehicle accidents, liability and fraud on both the passenger as well as the insurance companies side.