For the source text click/tap here: Bava Kamma 5
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As we have seen, the Mishna (2a) lists four basic types of nezek for which a person will be required to pay restitution. The Gemara on daf 4b quotes baraitot that expand the number of types of nezek by including examples that fit into the broader categories presented by the Mishna. Rabbi Oshaya enumerates 13 types of avot nezikin (including, for example, people who borrow objects or are given things to watch and then do not return them or allow them to get lost or stolen); Rabbi Hiyya finds 24 avot nezikin (including, for example, robbers and thieves).
Rava teaches that all of the Avos Nezikin mentioned in the Mishnah, except for Keren, can be derived through a "Tzad ha'Shaveh" from Bor together with any one of the other Nezikin. From Keren together with Bor, all of the Nezikin can be derived. RASHI explains exactly how Shen, Regel, Esh, and Adam are derived through a Tzad ha'Shaveh when one of the other Nezikin is combined with Bor.
We continue to explore the structure of Mishah and Nezikin.