For the source text click/tap here: Bava Kamma 2
To download, click/tap here: PDF
The introductory Mishnah to Masechet Bava Kamma offers the four avot nezikin (literally “fathers,” the term avot in this context refers to the primary types of damages according to the Torah) – Shor (an ox), Bor (a pit), Mav’eh and Hev’er (fire) – each with its own set of rules.
According to Rav, the Mishnah has listed the four types of damages that appear in the Torah, and Shor is a broad term that encompasses keren (damage done with the animal’s horns), shen (damage done with the animal’s teeth, i.e. eating) and regel (damage done by the animal’s hooves while walking). Mav’eh refers to a different type of damage mentioned in the Torah – a person who does damage.
We explore the introduction to this Seder Nezikin and Maseches.