For the source text click/tap here: Pesachim 46
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It is hard to know when a dough becomes chametz. The Mishna and Talmud give certain identifying characteristics for chametz dough but these are not always readily apparent. In case of doubt the Talmud provides a specific time frame after which it can be presumed that the dough has become chametz. The Yerushalmi’s opinion is that after 72 minutes dough can be presumed to be chametz, but the standard version of the Bavli declares that this is assumed after only 18 minutes.
In the 19th century two rabbinic geographers debated if the text in the Talmud Bavli had become corrupted and originally agreed with the Yerushalmi’s longer timeframe.